药品信息:
--------------------------------------------------------------- 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件(20196916334213.pdf)的“原文Priscribing Information”为准 --------------------------------------------------------------- 部分中文硝普钠注射液处方资料(仅供参考)
【英文名称】Sodium Nitroprusside Injection
【适用证】
硝普钠可用于在高血压危机中立即降低成人和儿科患者的血压。 应给予伴随的长效抗高血压药物,以便最大限度地减少硝普钠治疗的持续时间。
硝普钠也可用于控制低血压,以减少手术中的出血。
硝普钠也适用于治疗急性充血性心力衰竭。
【用法用量】
稀释至适当的输注强度:根据所需的浓度,含有50mg硝普钠的溶液必须在250至1000mL无菌5%葡萄糖注射液中进一步稀释。应使用提供的不透明套管,铝箔或其他不透明材料保护稀释溶液免受光照。没有必要覆盖输液滴注室或管道。
验证产品的化学完整性硝普钠溶液可通过与痕量污染物的反应而失活。这些反应的产物通常是蓝色,绿色或红色,比未反应的硝普钠的淡褐色更亮。不应使用变色溶液或其中可见颗粒物质的溶液。如果适当避光,新稀释的溶液可稳定24小时。
在与硝普钠相同的溶液中不应使用其他药物。
避免过度低血压:虽然成人和儿童患者的平均有效率约为3 mcg / kg / min,但有些患者在接受硝普钠治疗后会出现危险的低血压。因此,应以非常低的速率(0.3 mcg / kg / min)开始输注硝普钠,每隔几分钟向上滴定一次,直到达到预期效果或最大推荐输注速度(10 mcg / kg / min)为止.
【禁忌】
硝普钠不应用于治疗代偿性高血压,其中原发性血液动力学病变是主动脉缩窄或动静脉分流。
在已知脑循环不足的患者或接种急诊手术的垂死病人(A.S.A. 5E级)的手术中,硝普钠不应用于产生低血压。
先天性(Leber's)视神经萎缩或烟草弱视患者的氰化物/硫氰酸盐比例异常高。 这些罕见病症可能与有缺陷或缺乏的硫氰酸酶有关,这些患者应避免使用硝普钠。
硝普钠不应用于治疗与外周血管阻力降低相关的急性充血性心力衰竭,如内毒素败血症中可见的高输出性心力衰竭。
【INDICATIONS AND USAGE】
Sodium nitroprusside is indicated for the immediate reduction of blood pressure of adult and pediatric patients in hypertensive crises. Concomitant longer-acting antihypertensive medication should be administered so that the duration of treatment with sodium nitroprusside can be minimized.
Sodium nitroprusside is also indicated for producing controlled hypotension in order to reduce bleeding during surgery.
Sodium nitroprusside is also indicated for the treatment of acute congestive heart failure.
【CONTRAINDICATIONS】
Sodium nitroprusside should not be used in the treatment of compensatory hypertension, where the primary hemodynamic lesion is aortic coarctation or arteriovenous shunting.
Sodium nitroprusside should not be used to produce hypotension during surgery in patients with known inadequate cerebral circulation, or in moribund patients (A.S.A. Class 5E) coming to emergency surgery.
Patients with congenital (Leber's) optic atrophy or with tobacco amblyopia have unusually high cyanide/thiocyanate ratios. These rare conditions are probably associated with defective or absent rhodanese, and sodium nitroprusside should be avoided in these patients.
Sodium nitroprusside should not be used for the treatment of acute congestive heart failure associated with reduced peripheral vascular resistance such as high-output heart failure that may be seen in endotoxic sepsis.
【DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION】
Dilution to proper strength for infusion: Depending on the desired concentration, the solution containing 50 mg of sodium nitroprusside must be further diluted in 250 to 1000 mL of sterile 5% dextrose injection. The diluted solution should be protected from light, using the supplied opaque sleeve, aluminum foil, or other opaque material. It is not necessary to cover the infusion drip chamber or the tubing.
Verification of the chemical integrity of the product Sodium nitroprusside solution can be inactivated by reactions with trace contaminants. The products of these reactions are often blue, green, or red, much brighter than the faint brownish color of unreacted sodium nitroprusside. Discolored solutions, or solutions in which particulate matter is visible, should not be used. If properly protected from light, the freshly diluted solution is stable for 24 hours.
No other drugs should be administered in the same solution with sodium nitroprusside.
Avoidance of excessive hypotension: While the average effective rate in adult and pediatric patients is about 3 mcg/kg/min, some patients will become dangerously hypotensive when they receive sodium nitroprusside at this rate. Infusion of sodium nitroprusside should therefore be started at a very low rate (0.3 mcg/kg/min), with upward titration every few minutes until the desired effect is achieved or the maximum recommended infusion rate (10 mcg/kg/min) has been reached.
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