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 部分中文阿司匹林处方资料（仅供参考）
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阿司匹林
阿司匹林（英语：Aspirin），或作阿司匹灵、阿司匹林、阿士匹灵，化学学名乙酰水杨酸，醋柳酸等。由德国化学家霍夫曼（de:Felix Hoffmann）在20世纪初正式推出。阿司匹林治疗范围极广，包括感冒、发热、头痛、牙痛、关节痛、风湿痛等，还能预防手术后血栓形成、心肌梗塞和中风，故俗称它为“万灵药”。

阿司匹林一般用于解热镇痛的剂量较少，不会引起不良反应，但长期大量用药则较易出现副作用，而大部分止痛药均有阿司匹林。较常见的有恶心、呕吐、上腹部不适或疼痛，较少或很少见的有胃肠道出血或诱发溃疡、支气管痉挛过敏反应、皮肤过敏及肝、肾损害。

历史
在中国古代，当时的人会咀嚼柳树皮，有退烧和止痛的功效。19世纪，欧洲科学家发现柳树皮的药效成分为水杨酸，并成功提炼出来，其后1898年德国化学家霍夫曼成功将水杨酸合成为乙酰水杨酸，并于1900年在德国拜尔药厂开始生产，商品名称是阿司匹林。1918年，德国于一战战败，拜尔被迫放弃其商标与专利，间接使阿司匹林在世界各地普及使用。

用途
阿司匹林也与其它药物一起用来于治疗一些适应疾病。虽然它存在一些副作用，但是依然被广泛使用，是因为医师们熟悉这种药在大多数家庭都有预备。下列的一些疾病可用阿斯匹林缓解：
发烧
疼痛（尤其是类风湿关节炎、类骨质骨瘤、慢性疼痛）
偏头痛
急性风湿（可选药物）
（现在已不多用于痛症治疗）
川崎病（随IVIG使用）
心包炎
此外如用低药量约每日75-300mg可用作预防心肌梗塞（Myocardial infarction）防心脏病发。
癌症
每天服用低剂量（75至300毫克）阿斯匹林能在三年内减少癌症发病率四分之一，并且在五年之内把癌症引起的死亡率降低15%。

禁忌
对阿司匹林、布洛芬（ibuprofen）、拿百疼（naproxen）等药物过敏者。
对G6PD缺乏患者(蚕豆症)使用阿司匹林可导致溶血。
有肾病、胃溃疡、糖尿病、痛风症等的患者，必须请示医生。
如阿司匹林和酒精同服增加胃出血危险。
儿童和青少年，不宜使用阿斯匹林治疗伤风感冒：因为这与雷尔氏综合症（Reye's syndrome）有关。
具有抗凝血作用，血友病病人或其它出血倾向者不宜服用。
孕妇
一些人建议，有甲状腺机能亢进病人应避免阿司匹林，因为它提高T4水平。

常见副作用
胃痛不适并伴有小量出血的患者：应饭后服用阿司匹林；如出血而无验出 可引致贫血。
患严重肠胃痛患者，必须停服阿司匹灵。
中枢神经系统受损：头晕、头痛、视力听力下降（药量越高越多中央神经系统毛病出现）。
出汗
长期服用高药量阿司匹灵：几乎无可挽回的肝损害。
可引致致命的雷尔氏综合症（死亡率30%）。
如和其他止痛药同用 长期服用阿司匹灵可引至慢性肾炎，以至慢性肾衰竭。
皮肤问题，面肿口肿舌肿喉肿（angioedema），及 呼吸困难也有，但较少。
会抑制血小板的凝聚作用，且大量使用时（例如用于风湿症的情况时）则更会延长凝血酶原时间，且后者的药量同时也可引起柳酸盐中毒症（salicylism），包括耳鸣、头晕、意识混乱急头痛等症状的发生。

过量
服用过量可以致命药剂过量的可能的后果包括：
耳鸣
肚痛
血钾降低
低血糖症
发热状态
换气过度
节律失调
低血压症
幻觉
肾衰竭
混乱
中风
昏迷
死亡
药剂过量可以是急性或慢性：一次性过量或长期服用引起。急性过量成亡率是2%。慢性过量成亡率是25%。通常死因是神经性肺水肿。2000年美国有52宗死亡案涉及阿司匹林。

阿司匹林的征候如发烧、换气过度以及大脑症候等病况也常被误诊为感染症、于是医生便常会再度给予阿司匹林，因此，便会更加延误此症被及时诊断与对病人施行急救的机会了。

Levacet
Generic Name:Acetaminophen/Aspirin/Caffeine/Salicylamide (ah-seet-ah-MIN-oh-fen/AS-pir-in/ka-FEEN/sal-ih-SILL-ah-mide)
Brand Name:Examples include Levacet and Painaid
Strength:250 mg-500 mg-32.5 mg-150 mg
Color:White
Shape:Elliptical / Oval
Availability:Rx and/or OTC
Drug Class:Analgesic combinations
Pregnancy Category:N - Not classified
CSA Schedule:N - Not a controlled drug
Manufacturer:WraSer Pharmaceuticals

Levacet is used for:
Relieving migraine headaches. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Levacet is an analgesic and antipyretic combination. It works by blocking substances in the body that cause pain and inflammation. Caffeine constricts blood vessels, which helps with migraine headache.

Do NOT use Levacet if:
you are allergic to any ingredient in Levacet
you are a child or teenager with influenza (flu) or chickenpox
you have bleeding problems, such as hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, or low blood platelets
you have had a severe allergic reaction (eg, severe rash, hives, breathing difficulties, dizziness) to aspirin, tartrazine, or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) (eg, celecoxib, ibuprofen, naproxen)
you are taking an anticoagulant (eg, warfarin) or methotrexate

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Levacet :
Some medical conditions may interact with Levacet . Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:
if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding
if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement
if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances
if you have a history of alcohol abuse or if you consume 3 or more alcohol-containing drinks every day
if you have asthma, bleeding or clotting problems, growths in the nose (nasal polyps), kidney or liver problems, severe heart problems, stomach or peptic ulcers (bleeding ulcers), heartburn, upset stomach, stomach pain, influenza (flu) or chickenpox, vitamin K deficiency, anxiety, or sleeplessness
if you are a child with a stroke, a weakened blood vessel (cerebral aneurysm) or bleeding in the brain, or Kawasaki syndrome (a rare inflammation causing heart problems in children)

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Levacet . Tell your health care provider if you are taking any of the following medicines, especially any of the following:
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (eg, acetazolamide) because they may decrease Levacet "s effectiveness
Anticoagulants (eg, warfarin) or NSAIDs (eg, celecoxib, ibuprofen, naproxen) because the risk of side effects, including bleeding, may be increased by Levacet
Insulin, isoniazid, oral hypoglycemics (eg, glyburide), or quinolone antibiotics (eg, ciprofloxacin) because the risk of their side effects may be increased by Levacet
Methotrexate, theophylline, or valproic acid because the risk of their side effects may be increased by Levacet
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (eg, enalapril), probenecid, or sulfinpyrazone because their effectiveness may be decreased by Levacet

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Levacet may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Levacet :
Use Levacet as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
Take Levacet by mouth with or without food. If stomach upset occurs, take with food to reduce stomach irritation.
Take Levacet with a full glass of water (8 oz/240 mL). Do not lie down for 30 minutes after taking Levacet .
Use Levacet exactly as directed on the package, unless instructed differently by your doctor. If you are taking Levacet without a prescription, follow any warnings and precautions on the label.
If you miss a dose of Levacet and you are taking it regularly, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Levacet .

Important safety information:
Levacet has acetaminophen and aspirin in it. Before you start any new medicine, check the label to see if it has acetaminophen or aspirin in it too. If it does or if you are not sure, check with your doctor or pharmacist.
Levacet may harm your liver. Your risk may be greater if you drink alcohol while you are using Levacet . Talk to your doctor before you take Levacet or other fever reducers if you drink more than 3 drinks with alcohol per day.
Aspirin has been linked to a serious illness called Reye syndrome. Do not give Levacet to a child or teenager who has the flu, chickenpox, or a viral infection. Contact your doctor with any questions or concerns.
Avoid large amounts of food or drink that have caffeine (eg, coffee, tea, cocoa, cola, chocolate).
Serious stomach ulcers or bleeding can occur with the use of Levacet . Taking it in high doses or for a long time, smoking, or drinking alcohol increases the risk of these side effects. Taking Levacet with food will NOT reduce the risk of these effects. Contact your doctor or emergency room at once if you develop severe stomach or back pain; black, tarry stools; vomit that looks like blood or coffee grounds; or unusual weight gain or swelling.
Levacet may reduce the number of clot-forming cells (platelets) in your blood. Avoid activities that may cause bruising or injury. Tell your doctor if you have unusual bruising or bleeding. Tell your doctor if you have dark, tarry, or bloody stools.
Tell your doctor or dentist that you take Levacet before you receive any medical or dental care, emergency care, or surgery.
Do not take Levacet for at least 7 days after any surgery unless directed by your health care provider.
Levacet may cause false results with some in-home test kits for blood cholesterol. Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking Levacet and need to check your blood cholesterol at home.
PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Levacet while you are pregnant. Levacet is not recommended during the last 3 months (third trimester) of pregnancy due to the potential for fetal harm or complications during delivery. Levacet is found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use Levacet , check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.

Possible side effects of Levacet :
All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:
Heartburn; nausea; upset stomach.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:
Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); black or bloody stools; confusion; dark urine or pale stools; diarrhea; dizziness; drowsiness; hearing loss; ringing in the ears; severe stomach pain; unusual tiredness; vomiting; yellowing of the skin or eyes.

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions or need medical advice about side effects, contact your doctor or health care provider. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088) or at http://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

If OVERDOSE is suspected:
Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center (http://www.aapcc.org/findyour.htm), or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include dark urine; excessive sweating; extreme fatigue; irregular heartbeat; low blood pressure; stomach pain; vomiting; yellowing of the skin or eyes.

Proper storage of Levacet :
Store Levacet at room temperature, between 68 and 77 degrees F (20 and 25 degrees C), in a tightly closed container. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Levacet out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:
If you have any questions about Levacet , please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
Levacet is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.
If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Levacet . If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

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