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 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件（201222622100017.PDF,201222622095513.PDF）的“原文Priscribing Information”为准
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部分中文麻黄碱处方资料（仅供参考）

名称：麻黄碱

英文名：Ephedrine

中文别名：麻黄碱锭、麻黄素、麻黄碱、麻黄素

英文别名：Efedrina、Ephedine、Ephedrinae、Ephedrinum、Hydrated Ephedrine

别名：麻黄碱锭、麻黄素、麻黄碱、麻黄素、Efedrina、Ephedine、Ephedrinae、Ephedrinum、Hydrated Ephedrine

药理作用：本品作用与肾上腺素相似，但较温和，可舒张支气管并收缩局部血管，其作用时间较长；加强心肌收缩力，增加心输出量，使静脉回心血量充分；有较肾上腺素更强的兴奋中枢神经作用，由于出现更具有选择性的β2受体激动剂，因此临床极少应用。

动力学：口服、肌注或皮下注射很快被吸收，可通过血脑屏障进入脑脊液。口服50～60分钟起效, 肌注10～20分钟起效。持续作用口服3～5小时, 肌注或皮下注射25～50mg后0.5～1小时。半衰期β当尿pH为5时约3小时, 尿pH为6.3时约6小时。吸入后仅有少量经脱胺氧化，大部分以原形自尿排出。 

适应症：适用于预防支气管哮喘发作以及轻症哮喘的治疗；预防椎管麻醉或硬膜外麻醉引起的低血压；治疗鼻粘膜充血肿胀引起的鼻塞；缓解荨麻诊和血管神经性水肿等过敏反应。

用法用量：
1．常用量成人口服一次 15—30mg，一日 45—90mg；皮下或肌内注射一次 15—30mg，一日 45—60mg。
2．极量成人口服一次60mg，一日 150mg；皮下或肌内注射一次 60mg，一日 150m日。 短期内反复用药，作用可逐渐减弱(快速耐受现象)，停药数小时后可以恢复。每日用药如不超过 3次，则耐受现象不明显。 

不良反应：
①对前列腺肥大者可引起排尿困难；
②大剂量或长期使用可引起震颤、焦虑、失眠、头痛、心悸、心动过速等。 可引起震颤,焦虑,失眠,心悸及排尿困难。久用产生耐药性,头晕,呼吸短促,乏力,视物模糊,呕吐,颜面或皮肤潮红,诱发心绞痛,幻听,幻视。 点眼用此药可致睑裂变宽，因为它能兴奋位于平滑肌上的交感神经，则使上、下睑开放。由于刺激作用可致一过性充血，相继产生结膜的血管收缩，则结膜变苍白。

禁忌：
(1)交叉过敏反应对其他拟交感胺类药，如肾上腺素、异丙肾上腺素等过敏者，对本品也过敏。
(2)剖腹产麻醉过程中用本品维持血压，可加速胎儿心跳，当母体血压超过 17.3/10.7kPa(130/80mmHg)时不宜用。
(3)本品可分泌入乳汁，哺乳期妇女禁用。
(4)下列反应持续存在时应注意：头痛、焦虑不安、心动过速、眩晕、多汗。 (5)甲状腺机能亢进、高血压、动脉硬化、心绞痛等病人禁用。 甲亢,高血压,动脉硬化及心绞痛病忌用.
 
相互作用：
(1)与肾上腺皮质激素、糖皮质激素合用，本品可增加它们的代谢清除率，需调整皮质激素的剂量。
(2)尿碱化剂，如制酸药、钙或镁的碳酸盐、枸橼酸盐、碳酸氢钠等，影响本品在尿中的排泄，增加本品的半衰期，延长作用时间，特别是尿保持碱性几日或更长，患者必致麻黄碱中毒，本品用量应调整。
(3)与α受体阻滞药如酚妥拉明、哌唑嗪、妥拉唑林以及酚噻嗪类药合用时，可对抗本品的加压作用。
(4)与全麻药如氯仿、氟烷、异氟烷等同用，可使心肌对拟交感胺类药反应更敏感，有发生室性心律失常危险，必须同用时，本品用量应减小。
(5)与三环类抗抑郁药如马普替林同用时，降低本品的加压作用。
(6)与洋地黄苷类合用，可致心律失常。
(7)与麦角新碱、麦角胺或缩宫素同用，可加剧血管收缩，导致严重高血压或外围组织缺血。
(8)与多沙普仑(doxapram)同用，两者的加压作用均可增强。 单胺氧化酶抑制剂与此药相互作用可产生严重高血压。用降压药治疗的患者，可能因自服含有麻黄碱的成药而致血压升高。在静注时，它与氢化可的松及一些巴比妥类合用，是物理性禁忌。
制剂 盐酸麻黄碱片(1)15mg(2)25mg(3)30mg 盐酸麻黄碱注射液1ml：30mg (1).支气管哮喘:口服,成人每次25mg,儿童每次0.5-1mg/kg,均一日3次;皮下或肌肉注射,成人一次15-30mg.极量:口服一次60mg,一日150mg;肌注,一次50mg,一日120mg.(2).蛛网膜下腔麻醉或硬膜外麻醉时维持血压麻醉前皮下或肌肉注射20-50mg.(3).慢性低血压症:每次口服20-50mg,一日2-3次.(4).鼻粘膜充血,水肿:0.5-1%溶液滴鼻. 

STEROID PRODUCT NAME: Ephedrine Level

SUBSTANCE: Ephedrine

CONTENT: 50 Tabs/25mg

MANUFACTURER: Pakistan

Ephedrine information and description. Ephedrine is a stimulant drug, belonging to a group of medicines known as sympathomimetics. Specifically it is both an alpha and beta adrenergenic agonist (you may remember Clenbuterol is a selective beta-2 agonist). In addition, Ephedrine enhances the release of nor epinephrine, a strong endogenous alpha agonist. The action of this compound is notably similar to that of the body's primary adrenergic hormone epinephrine (adrenaline), which also exhibits action toward both alpha and beta receptors.

Ephedrine dosage. The athlete will generally take Ephedrine a few times daily during dieting phases of training, at a dosage of 25 to 50mg per application. The widely touted stack of Ephedrine (25-50mg), caffeine (200mg) and aspirin (300mg) is shown to be extremely potent for fat loss. In this combination, Ephedrine and caffeine both act as notable thermogenic stimulants. Increasing the dosages would not prove very efficient. Instead a break of several weeks should be taken, so that Ephedrine stack may once again work at an optimal level.

Ephedrine side effects . Ephedrine can produce a number of unwelcome side effects that the user should be aware of. For starters, the stimulant effect of Ephedrine can produce shaky hands, tremors, sweating, rapid heartbeat, dizziness and feelings of inner unrest. Often these side effects subside as the user becomes more accustomed to the effect, or perhaps the dosage is lowered. In general, those negatively side effects by caffeine would probably not like the stronger effects of Ephedrine.

Ephedrine is a drug but It is available OTC. Athletes use It for several reasons. It can Increase thermogenesis. which is the ability to convert excess calories into heat instead of fat, by enhancing norepinephrine release. It has been found that people who store excess body fat are Insensitive to the chemical norepinephrine (NP). NP stimulates thermogenesis In the body so that excess calories can burn Instead of being stored. Certain drugs can stimulate or potentiate the effects of NP. This in turn, would allow fat people to burn off calories as rapidly as thin people do. Ephedrine has that capability. The Chinese have used ephedrine in the form of herbal teas for thousands of years, i.e. Ephedra or MA Haung tea. Ephedrine is similar in structure to amphetamines, because of this. It mimics some of the effects of "speed" such as dampening the appetite and raising blood pressure. It Is however, much weaker and far less toxic than amphetamines (although It is banned as a stimulant by most athletic organizatlons). The effect of ephedrine Is called a "futile energy cycle." Ephedrine stimulates the conversion of thyroid into Its most active form. T-3 in peripheral tissue. This stimulates the metabolism and burns up calories quicker. Caffeine and aspirin stimulate the thermogenic effects of ephedrine. In fact It has recently become quite commonplace for pre-contest bodybullders to forgo the use of dangerous thyroid drugs and instead use a combination of ephedrine, aspirin and caffeine for cutting up. A usual dose for fat loss has been in the area of 100 mg caffeine. 50 mg ephedrine and one aspirin tablet, three times dally. I've seen athletes get totally shredded on this stack without losing any muscle! Recent studies on humans found that combining ephedrine with caffeine and aspirin enhances calorie-dissipating. Caffeine and aspirin are thought to help by suppressing agents that would normally further block release of norepinephrine. The long term effects of combining these three OTC drugs Is largely untested though. While It appears they are safe, in large dosages they could be dangerous, particularly the ephedrine. Ephedrine can also be used as a stimulant to increase workout Intensity and concentration while training. It Is also effective as an appetite suppressant for the pre-contest bodybullder and It can be used by bodybullders In an attempt to diminish the amount of fat reserves they hold. There are many supplements which boast that they can Increase fat utilization and Increase llpolysis. l.e. amino acid combinations, camitine, and lipotropics. None of those natural supplements work nearly as well as ephedrine. Ephedrine should not be used by any athlete who has had a history of heart palpitations, arrythmia, or any conductive Irregularity of the heart. Any athlete who develops these symptoms while using ephedrine should discontinue the use and consult a physician. Further caution should be used when stacking ephedrine with caffeine and aspirin as this Is even more likely to cause an irregular or strong heartbeat. A number of athletes reported these symptoms and had to discontinue the use of this supplement. Among the other athletes who had used ephedrine the majority reported a very positive response citing an increased awareness level and greater ability to concentrate while training. I would recommend ephedrine for athletes who do not have any heart problems at all and whose workout would benefit from an increased level of concentration and an increased "psych". It also can benefit pre-contest bodybuilders. Ephedrine compounds are available in various forms. Ephedrine sulfide (sulphur based) is slower acting and has a shorter duration. It Is the least effective form. Pseudoephedrine HCL and pseudoephedrine sulfide are man made versions and are a little more effective. Ephedrine HCL in a high percentage HCL base is preferred by most and has proven to be quite effective. An example is Dymetadrine 25. Athletes have preferred to take this product 60 minutes prior to their workout.

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 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件（201222622100017.PDF,201222622095513.PDF）的“原文Priscribing Information”为准
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