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 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件（20115523575636.pdf）的“原文Priscribing Information”为准
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部分中文地塞米松处方资料（仅供参考）

Dexamethasone　　
中文名：地塞米松 　　

异名：氟美松，德萨美松，Acidocont, Deronil, Dexacortal, dexametona, Flumeprednisolon等。 　　

化学名：（11β，16α）-9-Fluoro-11,17,21-trihydroxy-16-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 　　

制造专利：US pat 3,007,923(1961 to Lab.Franc.Chimiother.), Ger pat 1,113,690(1961 to Merck & Co.), Brit Pat 869,511 (to Upjohn)。 　　
1958年，Arth与Oliveto等分别合成了地塞米松，1960年Merck & Co.生产地塞米松磷酸钠，至今，上市的地塞米松衍生物已达12种以上 　　
地塞米松的化学结构为泼尼松龙的B环9α位引入氟原子，D环16α位引入甲基；9α氟及16α甲基均使其抗炎活性显著增强，而16α甲基则显著地降低了地塞米松的水钠潴留副作用。地塞米松与泼尼松龙的临床生物等效剂量比为0.75:5，生物半衰期为36-54小时，列为长效糖皮质激素。 　　
地塞米松与其他糖皮质激素一样，具有抗炎、抗内毒素、抑制免疫、抗休克及增强应激反应等药理作用，故广泛应用于各科治疗多种疾病，如自身免疫性疾病，过敏，炎症，哮喘及皮肤科、眼科疾病。地塞米松磷酸钠注射剂更是抢救垂危病人不可缺少的急救药品，近十几年来，临床医师应用地塞米松磷酸钠治疗和预防各类中西药引起的药物过敏及治疗病毒性感冒引起的发烧等症，使地塞米松临床用药量逐年增加，至今我国已成为世界上最大的地塞米松市场。

GENERIC NAME: DEXAMETHASONE - INJECTION (dex-uh-METH-uh-sown)

USES: This medication is used to treat various conditions such as severe allergic reactions, arthritis, blood diseases, breathing problems, certain cancers, eye diseases, intestinal disorders, and skin diseases. It is also used to test for an adrenal gland disorder (Cushing's syndrome). It decreases your body's natural defensive response and reduces symptoms such as swelling and allergic-type reactions. Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid hormone (glucocorticoid). This injectable form of dexamethasone is used when a similar drug cannot be taken by mouth or when a very fast response is needed, especially in patients with severe medical conditions.This drug may also be used with other medications as a replacement for certain hormones.OTHER This section contains uses of this drug that are not listed in the approved professional labeling for the drug but that may be prescribed by your health care professional. Use this drug for a condition that is listed in this section only if it has been so prescribed by your health care professional.This drug may also be used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy.

HOW TO USE: This medication is given by injection into a vein , muscle, joint, or skin wound by a health care professional as directed by your doctor. Follow your doctor's directions carefully. Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Do not increase your dose or use this drug more often than prescribed without consulting your doctor. Some patients (especially newborns) should receive the preservative-free form of this drug. In these patients, when mixing this form of the drug, be sure to use IV fluid that is also preservative-free. Use these mixtures within 24 hours. Before using this product, check it visually for particles or discoloration. If either is present, do not use the liquid.If this medication is injected into a joint, be careful how much pressure you put on that joint, even if it is feeling better. Ask your doctor how much you can move/use the joint while it is healing.If you have been using this medication for a long time, do not suddenly stop using it without your doctor's approval. Your dose may need to be gradually decreased to reduce symptoms such as weakness, weight loss, nausea, or extreme tiredness.If you are giving yourself injections at home, learn how to prepare and inject this medication properly. Ask your doctor, pharmacist, or nurse any questions you may have about how to give yourself dexamethasone. Learn how to store and discard needles, medical supplies, and any unused medication safely. Consult your pharmacist. Never reuse needles or syringes.Tell your doctor if your condition persists or worsens.

SIDE EFFECTS: Stomach upset, headache, dizziness, menstrual period changes, trouble sleeping, increased appetite, weight gain, or pain/redness/swelling at the injection site may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Tell your doctor immediately if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: bone/joint pain, easy bruising/bleeding, black stools, vomit that looks like coffee grounds, severe stomach/abdominal pain, increased thirst/urination, fast/slow/pounding/irregular heartbeat, shortness of breath, swelling of the ankles/feet, tendon pain, persistent weight gain, puffy face, unusual hair growth, thinning skin, slow wound healing, signs of infection (e.g., persistent fever/cough/sore throat, painful urination, eye pain/discharge), muscle weakness/pain, mental/mood changes (e.g., mood swings, depression, agitation), vision changes, seizures, unusual skin growths.A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

PRECAUTIONS: Before using dexamethasone, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to other corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone); or to sulfites; or if you have any other allergies.This medication should not be used if you have certain medical conditions. Before using this medicine, consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have: current fungal infections.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: other infections (e.g., tuberculosis, herpes, cerebral malaria, threadworm), blood clots, brittle bones (osteoporosis), high blood pressure, asthma, heart problems (e.g., congestive heart failure, recent heart attack), diabetes, eye diseases (e.g., cataracts, glaucoma, herpes infection of the eye), kidney disease, severe liver disease (cirrhosis), mental/mood conditions (e.g., psychosis, anxiety, depression), seizures, stomach/intestinal problems (e.g., diverticulitis, ulcer, ulcerative colitis), underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism), untreated mineral problems (e.g., low potassium/calcium).This drug may make you dizzy. Use caution while driving, using machinery, or doing any activity that requires alertness.This medication may mask signs of infection or put you at greater risk of developing very serious infections. Report to your doctor any injuries or signs of infection (e.g., persistent sore throat/cough/fever, pain during urination, muscle aches) that occur while using this medication or within 12 months after stopping it.If you have been using this medication for a long time, your body may not be able to make enough natural steroids while you are under stress due to infection, surgery, or injury. Your dose may need to be adjusted. If you have stopped using this drug within the past 12 months, you may need to start using it again if your body is under severe stress. Consult your doctor for more details. Tell your doctor immediately if any of these side effects occur: unusual weakness, sudden weight loss, dizziness.Do not have immunizations, vaccinations, or skin tests unless specifically directed by your doctor. Live vaccines may cause serious problems (e.g., infection) if given while you are using this medication. Avoid contact with people who have recently received oral polio vaccine or flu vaccine inhaled through the nose.Avoid contact with people who have chickenpox or measles unless you have previously had these diseases (e.g., in childhood). If you are exposed to one of these infections and you have not previously had it, seek immediate medical attention.If you have a history of ulcers, or if you take large doses of aspirin or other arthritis medication, limit alcoholic beverages while using this medication to decrease the risk of stomach/intestinal bleeding. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist that you are using this medication or have used it within the last 12 months.If you have diabetes, this drug may increase your blood sugar levels. Check your blood glucose levels regularly as directed by your doctor. Tell your doctor immediately if you have symptoms such as increased thirst and urination. Your anti-diabetic medication or diet may need to be adjusted.Caution is advised when using this drug in the elderly because they may be more sensitive to its side effects, especially osteoporosis. Talk with your doctor about ways to prevent bone loss.Caution is advised when using this drug for a long time in children. This medication may temporarily slow down a child's rate of growth, but it will probably not affect final adult height. Monitor your child's height periodically.This medication should be used only when clearly needed during pregnancy. There have been rare reports of harm to an unborn baby when corticosteroids are used during pregnancy. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. Infants born to mothers who have been using this medication for an extended time may have low levels of corticosteroid hormone. Tell your doctor immediately if you notice symptoms such as persistent nausea/vomiting, severe diarrhea, or weakness in your newborn.This medication may pass into breast milk and could have undesirable effects on a nursing infant. Therefore, breast-feeding is not recommended while using this medication. Consult your doctor before breast- feeding.

DRUG INTERACTIONS: Your doctor or pharmacist may already be aware of any possible drug interactions and may be monitoring you for them. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with your doctor or pharmacist first.This drug should not be used with the following medications because very serious interactions may occur: live vaccines.If you are currently using any of these medications listed above, tell your doctor or pharmacist before starting dexamethasone.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription/herbal products you may use, especially of: aminoglutethimide, large doses of aspirin and aspirin-like drugs (salicylates such as salsalate), birth control pills/patch/ring, "blood thinners" (e.g., warfarin), bupropion, caspofungin, cyclosporine, certain cancer drugs (dasatinib, lapatinib, sunitinib, aldesleukin), diabetes medications (e.g., glyburide), digoxin, drugs affecting liver enzymes that remove dexamethasone from your body (such as aprepitant, azole antifungals including ketoconazole, barbiturates including phenobarbital, macrolide antibiotics including erythromycin, rifamycins including rifampin, certain anti-seizure medications including phenytoin, carbamazepine), drugs that may cause potassium loss (e.g., amphotericin B, "water pills"/diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide), ephedrine, estrogen hormone replacement, HIV protease inhibitors (e.g., indinavir), isoniazid, mifepristone, natalizumab, quinolone antibiotics (e.g., levofloxacin), temsirolimus, thalidomide.Check all prescription and nonprescription medicine labels carefully since many medications contain pain relievers/fever reducers (NSAIDs such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen) that may increase the risk of stomach bleeding from this drug. Low-dose aspirin should be continued if prescribed by your doctor for specific medical reasons such as heart attack or stroke prevention (usually at dosages of 81-325 milligrams per day). Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.This medication may interfere with certain laboratory tests (including skin tests), possibly causing false test results. Make sure laboratory personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.This document does not contain all possible interactions. Therefore, before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products you use. Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist.

OVERDOSE: If overdose is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately. US residents can call the US National Poison Hotline at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center.

NOTES: Do not share this medication with others.Laboratory and/or medical tests (e.g., blood counts, blood glucose/mineral levels, blood pressure, bone density tests, height/weight measurements, eye examinations, X-rays) should be performed periodically to monitor your progress or check for side effects during long-term treatment. Consult your doctor for more details.Lifestyle changes that help reduce the risk of bone loss (osteoporosis) during long-term treatment include doing weight-bearing exercise, getting adequate calcium and vitamin D, stopping smoking, and limiting alcohol. Talk with your doctor about lifestyle changes that might benefit you.If you use this medication for prolonged periods, you should wear or carry identification stating that you are using it.

MISSED DOSE: If you miss a dose, use it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.

STORAGE: Store at room temperature between 59-86 degrees F (15-30 degrees C) away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. For single-use vials, discard any unused medication immediately. For the multi-use vials, store at room temperature and discard any unused medication as directed on the package. Keep all medicines away from children and pets.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product.MEDICAL ALERT: Your condition can cause complications in a medical emergency. For information about enrolling in MedicAlert, call 1-800-854-1166 (USA) or 1-800-668-1507 (Canada).

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 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件（20115523575636.pdf）的“原文Priscribing Information”为准
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