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 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件（2010101800542013.pdf）的“原文Priscribing Information”为准
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部分中文雷尼替丁处方资料（仅供参考）

雷尼替丁Ranitidine
中文别名：雷尼替丁、甲硝呋胍、胃安太、胃安太定、呋喃硝胺
英文别名：Ranidil、Zanaac
药品类别：抗酸及治溃疡病药
香港注册编号：HK-53488 
 
药理药动
药效学
动物实验证明，雷尼替丁具有竞争性阻滞组胺与H2受体结合的作用。抑制胃酸作用, 以摩尔计为西咪替丁的5～12倍。 因此为强效的H2受体阻滞剂。
药动学
口服后自胃肠道吸收迅速, 1～2小时血药浓度即可达峰值, 在体内分布广泛, 且可通过血脑屏障。30％经肝代谢, 50％以原形自肾随尿排出。口服后半衰期为2～3小时, 与西咪替丁相似。
[药理作用]本品为强效组胺H2受体拮抗剂。作用比西咪替丁强5～8倍，且作用时间更持久。本品能有效地抑制组胺、五肽胃泌素和氨甲酰胆碱刺激后引起的胃酸分泌，降低胃酸和胃酶活性。
药动学
口服易吸收，且不受食物及制酸剂的影响。服药后1～3h达血药浓度高峰，消除半减期为2～2.5h。蛋白结合率为15％，绝对生物利用度约50％。本品大部分以原形从肾排泄，24h从尿中排出给药量的45％。与西咪替丁所不同的是本品并不是肝药酶抑制剂，故不干扰华法林等依靠肝药酶代谢的药物在体内的生物转化。

适应症
用于治疗活动性溃疡病及高胃酸分泌疾病。静注本品可使胃酸分泌降低90％，可用于应激状态时并发的急性胃粘膜损害，和阿司匹林引起的急性胃粘膜损伤。对Zollinger-Ellison综合征,大量的雷尼替丁可抑制高胃酸分泌,促使症状缓解。也用于全身麻醉或大手术后以及衰弱昏迷患者防止胃酸返流合并吸入性肺炎。
适用于胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡、术后溃疡、返流性食道炎等。

用法用量
1．成人常用量①口服，一次 150mg，一日 2次，或 300mg睡前一次，疗程一般 4—8周。维持治疗可改为每晚 150mg，预防十二指肠溃疡复发，严重肾病患者，雷尼替丁的半衰期延长，剂量应减少，可给予 75mg，一日 2次。治疗 Zollinger-Ellisou综合征，宜用大量，每日 600—1200mg。②肌内注射或缓慢静脉注射，治疗溃疡病出血，一次 25—50mg，每 4—8小时 1次。术前用药，手术前 1.5小时静注 100mg。静脉滴注 100—300mg，加入 5％葡萄糖注射液 100ml，30分钟滴完。
2．小儿用法与用量遵医嘱。
[制剂与规格]雷尼替丁片150mg；
雷尼替丁胶囊150mg；
雷尼替丁注射液5ml：50mg。
口服,每次0.15g,一日2次,早晚饭时服.维持量每日0.15g,饭前顿服.肌注或缓慢静注,每次50mg,一日2-3次.
[用法及用量]口服，每日2次，每次150mg，于清晨和临睡前服用。维持量每晚服150mg。卓-艾综合征每日3次，每次150mg，必要时每日可增至900mg。
注射给药，一般50mg缓慢静注(超过1min)，或滴注；也可肌内注射50mg，每6～12h给药1次。预防吸入胃酸可于全身麻醉前45～60min，肌注或缓慢静注50mg。
[剂型与规格]片剂：150mg／片。胶囊剂：150mg／粒。注射剂：50mg/5ml。

不良反应
(1)常见的有恶心、皮疹、便秘、乏力、头痛、头晕等。
(2)与西咪替丁相比，损伤肾功能、性腺功能和中枢神经的不良作用较轻。
(3)偶见静脉注射后出现心动过缓。
(4)少数患者服药后引起轻度肝功能损伤，停药后症状即消失，肝功能也恢复正常。曾怀疑可能系药物过敏反应，与药物的用量无关。
(5)长期服用可持续降低胃液酸度，有利于细菌在胃内繁殖，从而使食物内硝酸盐还原为亚硝酸盐，形成 N-亚硝基化合物。
静注后可能出现头晕,恶心,出汗及胃肠道刺激或不适.静注部位有时出现瘙痒,发红,1小时后可消失.可产生焦虑,兴奋,健忘等.可引起肝损害,间质性肾炎,停药后可恢复.男性乳房女性化少见,但随年龄增加而增多.可降低维生素B12的吸收,长期服用可致B12缺乏.
静脉注射后部分患者可出现恶心、出汗、面部灼热感等。口服后偶见轻微头昏、便秘、嗜睡、腹泻等不良反应，但一般不影响继续治疗。
心血管系统：本品可引起突发性的心律不齐、心动过缓、心源性休克及轻度的房室阻滞。一般情况下，没有先兆。虽然对胆碱能神经介质比较敏感的病人可能有预兆，但对于危重病人，服用雷尼替丁需要进行心脏功能监护或同时服用阿托品以预防。
神经系统：较多的报告是头痛，有时比较严重。但由于本品可透过血脑屏障，造成可逆性的神志不清、精神异常、行动异常、激动、失眠。
造血系统：粒细胞减少、血小板计数减少是常见的不良反应。健康情况不佳的病人，服用本品可能触发血液情况的更进一步恶化。
消化系统：便秘、腹泻、恶心、呕吐、腹痛，也偶见有胰腺炎的报告。
其他：风疹、支气管哮喘、发热、过敏性休克、一过性氨基转移酶升高、肾功能损伤等。减少用量或停药，症状均可好转或消失。

禁忌症
肝功能不全者及老年患者，偶见服药后出现定向力障碍、嗜睡、焦虑等精神状态。
肝肾功能不全者慎用.孕妇、哺乳妇女及8岁以下儿童禁用.
本品主要经肾排泄，严重肾功能不全时，半减期延长，血药浓度升高，应注意调整剂量。孕妇及8岁以下儿童禁用。

药物相互作用
(1)与华法林、利多卡因、地西泮、普萘洛尔(心得安)等经肝代谢的药物伍用时，雷尼替丁的血药浓度不会升高而出现毒副反应。
(2)与抗凝药或抗癫痫药伍用时，要比西咪替丁为安全。
已证实，对于依赖细胞色素氧化P-450消除的药物，本品可使其清除率下降，如可使苯妥英的浓度上升。与此不一致的是，本品可使茶碱的清除率增加。

Ranitidine
Generic Name: ranitidine (ra NI ti deen)
Brand names: Taladine, Zantac

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What is ranitidine?
Ranitidine is in a group of drugs called histamine-2 blockers. Ranitidine works by reducing the amount of acid your stomach produces.

Ranitidine is used to treat and prevent ulcers in the stomach and intestines. It also treats conditions in which the stomach produces too much acid, such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Ranitidine also treats gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and other conditions in which acid backs up from the stomach into the esophagus, causing heartburn.

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Important information about ranitidine
Using ranitidine may increase your risk of developing pneumonia. Symptoms of pneumonia include chest pain, fever, feeling short of breath, and coughing up green or yellow mucus. Talk with your doctor about your specific risk of developing pneumonia.

Do not use this medication if you are allergic to ranitidine.

Ask a doctor or pharmacist if it is safe for you to take this medicine if you have kidney disease, liver disease, or porphyria.

Heartburn is often confused with the first symptoms of a heart attack. Seek emergency medical attention if you have chest pain or heavy feeling, pain spreading to the arm or shoulder, nausea, sweating, and a general ill feeling.

Ranitidine granules and effervescent tablets must be dissolved in water before you take them. Your doctor may recommend an antacid to help relieve pain. Carefully follow your doctor's directions about the type of antacid to use, and when to use it. Avoid drinking alcohol. It can increase the risk of damage to your stomach. It may take up to 8 weeks of using this medicine before your ulcer heals. For best results, keep using the medication as directed. Talk with your doctor if your symptoms do not improve after 6 weeks of treatment.

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Before using ranitidine
Do not use this medication if you are allergic to ranitidine.

Heartburn is often confused with the first symptoms of a heart attack. Seek emergency medical attention if you have chest pain or heavy feeling, pain spreading to the arm or shoulder, nausea, sweating, and a general ill feeling.

Ask a doctor or pharmacist if it is safe for you to take ranitidine if you have:
kidney disease;
liver disease; or
porphyria.

FDA pregnancy category B. Ranitidine is not expected to be harmful to an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. Ranitidine passes into breast milk. Do not take ranitidine without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

Using ranitidine may increase your risk of developing pneumonia. Symptoms of pneumonia include chest pain, fever, feeling short of breath, and coughing up green or yellow mucus. Talk with your doctor about your specific risk of developing pneumonia.

The ranitidine effervescent tablet may contain phenylalanine. Talk to your doctor before using this form of ranitidine if you have phenylketonuria (PKU).

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How should I take ranitidine?
Take ranitidine exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.

Your doctor may recommend an antacid to help relieve pain. Carefully follow your doctor's directions about the type of antacid to use, and when to use it.

Do not crush, chew, or break the ranitidine effervescent tablet, and do not allow it to dissolve on your tongue. The 25-milligram effervescent tablet must be dissolved in at least 1 teaspoon of water before swallowing. The150-milligram effervescent tablet should be dissolved in 6 to 8 ounces of water.

Allow the ranitidine effervescent tablet to dissolve completely in the water, and then drink the entire mixture. If you are giving this medicine to a child, you may draw the liquid mixture into a medicine dropper and empty the dropper into the child's mouth.

Ranitidine granules should be mixed with 6 to 8 ounces of water before drinking.

Measure ranitidine liquid with a special dose-measuring spoon or cup, not a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.

It may take up to 8 weeks before your ulcer heals. Keep using the medication as directed and tell your doctor if your symptoms do not improve after 6 weeks of treatment.

This medication can cause unusual results with certain medical tests. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using ranitidine.

Store ranitidine at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.

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What happens if I miss a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

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What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

Overdose symptoms may include lack of coordination, feeling light-headed, or fainting.

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What should I avoid while taking ranitidine?
Avoid drinking alcohol. It can increase the risk of damage to your stomach.

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Ranitidine side effects
Stop using ranitidine and get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction to ranitidine: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop taking ranitidine and call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:
chest pain, fever, feeling short of breath, coughing up green or yellow mucus;
easy bruising or bleeding, unusual weakness;
fast or slow heart rate;
problems with your vision;
fever, sore throat, and headache with a severe blistering, peeling, and red skin rash; or
nausea, stomach pain, low fever, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).

Less serious ranitidine side effects may include:
headache (may be severe);
drowsiness, dizziness;
sleep problems (insomnia);
decreased sex drive, impotence, or difficulty having an orgasm; or
swollen or tender breasts (in men);
nausea, vomiting, stomach pain; or
diarrhea or constipation.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

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What other drugs will affect ranitidine?
Before taking ranitidine, tell your doctor if you are taking triazolam (Halcion). You may not be able to use ranitidine, or you may need dosage adjustments or special tests during treatment.

There may be other drugs that can interact with ranitidine. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.

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Where can I get more information?
Your pharmacist can provide more information about ranitidine.

Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.

Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. ('Multum') is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.

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 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件（2010101800542013.pdf）的“原文Priscribing Information”为准
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2010-10-18更新