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 部分中文LARIXIN处方资料（仅供参考）
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【名称】头孢氨苄;cefalexin;cephalexin 口服常释剂型、颗粒剂

【性质】又名先锋霉素 IN。为半合成的第一代口服头孢菌素。白色或乳黄色结晶性粉末，微臭，味苦。微溶于水，不溶于乙醇、氯仿、乙醚。抗菌谱与头孢噻吩相同，抗菌强度稍弱。适用于尿路感染、咽喉炎、大叶肺炎、软组织感染等。由青霉素G钾扩环得苯乙酰7-ADCA再与苯甘氨酰氯盐酸盐反应而成。

【别名】头孢菌素Ⅳ、先锋霉素Ⅳ、头孢力新、苯甘孢霉素、西保力、头孢立新。

【作用与用途】本品为半合成的第一代口服头孢霉素，抗菌谱与头孢噻吩、头孢噻啶基本相同，抗菌效力较两者弱，但本品的特点是耐酸，口服吸收良好。对耐药金葡菌有良好抗菌作用。
　　主要用于敏感菌所致的呼吸道感染、泌尿道感染、妇产科感染、皮肤及软组织感染、淋病等。

【剂量与用法】口服，成人，0.25g～1g/次，3～4次/日；儿童，每日30mg～100mg/kg，分4次。

【副作用】
　　1 .对青霉素过敏者，也可发生过敏反应，但发生率较低，主要有皮疹、全身瘙痒及药物热等。
　　2 .常见有胃肠道反应如恶心、呕吐、腹泻及食欲减退等。

【注意事项】
　　1 .同时服用丙磺舒可提高疗效。
　　2 .饭后服药影响吸收，使疗效减低50%，宜空腹服用。
　　3 .对头孢菌素过敏者禁用。
　　4 .肾功能严重损害者应酌减用量。

【药物相互作用】
　　1.与考来烯胺（消胆胺）合用时，可使头孢氨苄的平均血药浓度降低
　　2.丙磺舒可延迟本品的肾排泄，也有报告认为丙磺舒可增加本品在胆汁中的排泄

Larixin - General Information
A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of cephaloridine or cephalothin, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.

Brand Names
Many pharmaceutical companies are involved in the marketing of cephalexin and they all use different brand names like, Tenkorex, Sporidex, Apo-Cephalex, Keftal, Keflex, Keforal, Kefexin, Keftab, Keflet, Larixin, Cephalexin, Lopilexin, Ospexin, Panixine Disperdose, Biocef, Ialex,Ibilex, Ceporex, Cilex, Cefanox, Cephabos and Zephalexin.

Indications
Cefalexin is used to treat urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, and skin and soft tissue infections. It is also sometimes used to treat acne.

In addition to being a rational first-line treatment for cellulitis, it is a useful alternative to penicillins in patients with penicillin hypersensitivity. In patients with mild or questionable history of penicillin allergy, cephalasporins are now thought to be relatively safe.Caution should always be taken when prescribing cephalosporins to those with strong history of true penicillin hypersensitivity, however, because cefalexin and other first-generation cephalosporins are known to have a modest cross-allergy in patients with penicillin hypersensitivity.

Side Effects
With Keflex (Cefalexin) just as with many other medicines, side effects might occur, but they are mostly negligible and do not need any treatment. But there are few exceptional cases as well where side effects are of severe nature and needs immediate attention or treatment. Side effects are not common with all the people taking cefalexin. Some people tolerate this drug quite well and other is not. So the occurrence of side effects varies person to person.

The study of Keflex shows that the most common side effects which a person can experience are: diarrhea, nausea, headache, confusion, upset stomach, yeast infection, dizziness, and indigestion (dyspepsia) and odd rash.

As we know that beside these normal side effects, there are some which are of severe nature like: swelling of the throat and difficulty breathing or swallowing, chronic or watery diarrhea, throat or mouth sores, hives, blood in stools, chronic rash, odd bleeding or bruising, wheezing, itching and peeling of the skin. In case any of these side effects appear, it is recommended to stop taking the medicine and consult your doctor.

Other than these, there are some rare side effects of Keflex which occur hardly in 1% of the patients taking this drug. Some of the rare side effects are: vaginal discharge, seizures or severe intestinal infection (enterocolitis), confusion, thrombocytopenia, fatigue, vomiting, hallucinations, joint pain, anemia, bloody diarrhea, confusion.

Side effects are not necessary to occur; they might occur or might not. There is no proper diagnosis of the side effects. Your doctor cannot tell you beforehand about the side effects of particular drug which you have not used before. It is your job to inform your doctor if you are experiencing anything odd or strange in your body.  Only in this way your doctor can diagnose either the problem is due to the particular drug or there are other reasons.

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