友情提示：BAUSCH AND LOMB从Sirion买入Zirgan。

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 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件（201082300163224.pdf）的“原文Priscribing Information”为准
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部分中文ZIRGAN处方资料（仅供参考）

更昔洛韦(GANCICLOVIR),CAS NO.:82410-32-0

化学名称：9-（1，3-二羟基-2-丙氧甲基）鸟嘌呤

英文名：Ganciclovir

临床用途：严重免疫功能低下所致的盲性巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎、艾滋病、器管移植、恶性肿瘤等，以及肺炎、胃肠炎、肝脏和中枢神经系统ＣＭＶ感染。

药理毒理
　　细胞内的丙氧鸟苷经脱氧鸟苷激酶作用被磷酸化为丙氧鸟苷的一价磷酸盐，也可被一些细胞激酶进一步磷酸化为三价磷酸盐，在被巨细胞病毒感染的细胞内丙氧鸟苷可被优先磷酸化。丙氧鸟苷三价磷酸盐的代谢非常缓慢，从细胞外液分离后18 hr尚可保存 60～70%。其抑制病毒DNA合成的机制在于1.竞争抑制脱氧鸟苷的三价磷酸盐与DNA聚合酶的结合，2.丙氧鸟苷的三价磷酸盐与病毒DNA的结合最终导致DNA延长的停止。从接受本药治疗的巨细胞病毒感染患者中发现，巨细胞病毒可以产生急性抗药性。丙氧鸟苷是化学合成的鸟嘌呤类似物，能够阻止疱疹病毒的复制。对其敏感的病毒包括CMV，HSV-1，HSV-2，EBV，VZV。临床研究仅限于对巨细胞病毒感染患者疗效的评价。

药动学
　　本药主要是通过肾小球滤过作用以原型排出。肾功能正常的患者，以5 mg/kg体重的剂量持续注射1 hr后，其半衰期为2.9 hr，平均清除率为3.64 mL/分/kg体重。以5 mg/kg体重的剂量，每日注射2次，14天后未引起药物积蓄。肾功能不全的患者，血肌酐含量分别为<124 mmoL/L、125-225 mmol/L及226-398 mmoL/L时，药物血浆清除率和半衰期分别为3.64 mL/分/kg体重和2.9 hr，2.01 mL/分/kg体重和5.3 hr及1.11 mL/分/kg体重和9.7 hr。严重肾功能受损的患者，血液透析可使药物浓度降低50%。

适应证
　　预防及治疗免疫功能缺陷病人的巨细胞病毒感染，如艾滋病患者，接受化疗的肿瘤患者，使用免疫抑制剂的器官移植病人。

不良反应
　　白细胞及血小板减少最常见，少见的有贫血，发热，皮疹，肝功能异常，浮肿，感染，乏力。心律失常，高/低血压。思维异常或恶梦，共济失调，昏迷，头昏，头痛，紧张，感觉障碍，精神病，嗜睡，震颤。恶心，呕吐，腹泻，胃肠道出血，腹痛。嗜曙红细胞增多，低血糖。呼吸困难。脱发，瘙痒，荨麻疹。血尿及尿素氮升高。有巨细胞病毒感染性视网膜炎的艾滋病患者可出现视网膜剥离。注射处可见感染，疼痛，静脉炎。

相互作用
　　丙磺舒以及其它一些可以抑制肾小管分泌和重吸收的药物，能降低肾脏对本药的清除率及延长其半衰期。本药与抑制细胞快速分裂复制的药物同时使用可产生协同效应。本药与氨苯砜，戊烷脒，氟胞咪啶，长春新碱，长春花碱，阿霉素，两性霉素，三甲氧基氨嘧啶以及一些核苷类药物联合使用，可增加副作用的发生。艾滋病患者同时使用本药和齐多夫定，大多会产生严重的白细胞降低。本药与伊米配能/西司他丁钠盐联合使用可诱发癫痫。

用法用量
　　巨细胞病毒感染的治疗：预防和诱导期：5 mg/kg体重/次，每日2次静脉注射，每次注射时间应超过1 hr，维持14-21天。维持期：6 mg/kg体重/日，每周5天或5 mg/kg体重/日，每周7天，静脉注射。当患者的视网膜炎有进一步发展时，需要再次使用诱导剂量进行治疗。 　　
    巨细胞病毒感染性疾病的预防：诱导量5 mg/kg体重，每12 hr注射1次，维持7-14天。 　　
    当患者肾功能不全时，诱导剂量应调整如下：血肌酐<124 μmoL/L者，剂量不变；血肌酐为125-225μmoL/L时，使用2.5 mg/Kg体重，每日2次的剂量 ；血肌酐为226-398 μmoL/L时，剂量为2.5 mg/kg体重，每日1次 ；血肌酐>398 μmoL/L时，剂量为1.25 mg/kg体重，每日1次。其最佳维持剂量尚不明确，透析患者的用药剂量为1.25 mg/kg体重/日。一天的透析结束后应立即用药。 症状 500 mg/kg对动物一次性静脉注射可产生呕吐、唾液分泌过多、出血、迟纯、肝功能异常、尿素氮升高、睾丸萎缩、死亡。治疗 血液透析及增加补液可降低药物血浆浓度。 每小瓶应加入10 mL注射用水，其配制溶液浓度为50 mg/mL，将药物加入100 mL静脉注射液中，注射时间应超过1 hr。0.9%生理盐水，5%葡萄糖，乳酸钠注射液及林格氏液可以与本药配伍，含有对羟基甲酸盐成分的抗菌素溶液与本药不相容。稀释后的注射用液应当冷藏但不能冷冻，而且必需在24 hr内使用。

注意事项
　　怀孕及哺乳期妇女，对本药或阿昔洛韦过敏者禁用。 致癌、致畸性及对生育能力影响 临床前期研究发现，本药可以引起精子减少，突变，致畸及致癌，在停止治疗的90天内应采取避孕措施。大约10～40%接受治疗的患者出现白细胞减少，因此本药应慎用于有白细胞减少病史的患者。10%接受本药治疗的患者出现血小板减少(少于5万个/L)，接受免疫抑制药物治疗的患者比艾滋病患者下降得更低。当患者的血小板计数少于10万个/L时，发生血小板减少的风险也增大。 　　
    对妊娠和哺乳的影响 动物实验发现本药有致畸作用，怀孕期妇女不能使用。本药对哺乳动物的后代可产生不良影响。目前尚不知本药是否能分泌到人乳中，故不能在哺乳妇女中使用，使用本药72 hr后才能恢复哺乳。对儿童的影响 应用于12岁以下儿童的临床经验有限，故儿童应慎用。据报道其不良后果与成人相似。对老年人的影响 应按肾功能情况调整用药剂量。

Zirgan
Generic Name: ganciclovir (Ophthalmic route)

gan-SYE-kloe-vir

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Commonly used brand name(s):
In the U.S.
Zirgan

Available Dosage Forms:
Gel/Jelly

Therapeutic Class: Antiviral
Pharmacologic Class: Viral DNA Polymerase Inhibitor
Chemical Class: Guanosine Nucleoside Analog

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 Uses For Zirgan
Ganciclovir ophthalmic (eye) gel is used to treat acute herpetic keratitis (dendritic ulcers). Herpetic keratitis is an eye infection (swelling of the front part of the eye) caused by herpes simplex virus.

This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.

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Before Using Zirgan
In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:

Allergies
Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric
Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of ganciclovir ophthalmic in children. However, safety and efficacy have not been established in children younger than 2 years of age.

Geriatric
Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of ganciclovir ophthalmic in the elderly.

Interactions with Medicines
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your healthcare professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol
Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

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Proper Use of Zirgan
Your doctor will tell you how much of this medicine to use and how often. Do not use more medicine or use it more often than your doctor tells you to. This medicine is not for long-term use.

To use the eye drops:
First, wash your hands. Tilt your head back and, pressing your finger gently on the skin just beneath the lower eyelid, pull the lower eyelid away from the eye to make a space. Drop the medicine into this space. Let go of the eyelid and gently close the eyes. Do not blink. Keep the eyes closed and apply pressure to the inner corner of the eye with your finger for 1 or 2 minutes to allow the medicine to be absorbed by the eye.
If you think you did not get the drop of medicine into your eye properly, use another drop.
Immediately after using the eye drops, wash your hands to remove any medicine that may be on them.
To keep the medicine as germ-free as possible, do not touch the dropper to any surface (including the eye). Always keep the container tightly closed.

Dosing
The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

For ophthalmic dosage form (eye drops):
For treatment of acute herpetic keratitis:
Adults and children 2 years of age and older—Put one drop in the affected eye five times a day, (every three hours) until the symptoms improve. Then, one drop three times a day for 7 days.
Children younger than 2 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.

Missed Dose
If you miss a dose of this medicine, apply it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule.

Storage
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.

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Precautions While Using Zirgan
Your eye doctor will want to examine your eye(s) at regular visits to make sure the medicine is working properly and is not causing unwanted effects.

Do not wear contact lenses while you are using this medicine to avoid further eye irritation.

If you develop pain, or symptoms do not improve within a few days or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

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Zirgan Side Effects
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

More common
Blurred vision
red, sore eyes

Less common
Painful irritation of the clear front part of the eye
redness of the white part of eyes or inside of the eyelids

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

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 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件（201082300163224.pdf）的“原文Priscribing Information”为准
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